Pumping and pressure supply system
Including the fact that in all these systems, water must be pressurized. The pressure may be as high (8 to 10 atmospheres) as in gun irrigation machines, moderate (3 to 5 atm) as in conventional displacement systems, or relatively low (1 to 2 atmospheres).
Today, it is tried to use low pressure sprinkler irrigation systems to save energy.
Advanced linear low pressure (linear) and center pivot (center pivot) systems are of this type.
If the water source is at a higher altitude than the farm, it is possible to pump water through the pipe and use the height difference to provide pressure in the system and reduce design costs.
But in most cases, the system pressure must be supplied by the pump. Therefore, the pump or pressure supply system is one of the most basic components of sprinkler irrigation systems.
Main pipelines
Another component of the sprinkler system is the main pipe, which is located between the pump (or pressure supply point) and the point where the water is transferred to the farm. Some systems, such as sprinklers that draw water from an open canal, do not have a main pipe. As in some cases, several main pipes may be laid on the farm.
Because the main pipes are less mobile, they are often located underground, and where water is needed to receive them from the ground, a vertical pipe (riser) branches off and rises to the ground.
A valve is installed on this pipe so that the water flow can be easily cut off and connected.
The main tube usually has smaller branches called the main half.
While the main pipe is responsible for supplying water to the entire farm, the semi-main pipe only supplies water to part of the farm.
Therefore, main pipes and semi-main pipes are another component of classical sprinkler irrigation systems.
Sub-pipes
Water supply to the field and water movement in the ground is done by other pipes that branch from the main pipe or semi-main pipe.
These pipes are called lateral pipes or irrigation wings. In some systems, such as center pivots, linear, and roll lines, there is only one side pipe.
However, some other systems, such as the classic displacement or fixed systems, may have two or more sub-pipes.
Pipe or sub-pipes are also important components of sprinkler irrigation system and its design in terms of diameter and length is one of the main tasks in designing a sprinkler irrigation system.